{"id":538,"date":"2012-08-13T19:39:25","date_gmt":"2012-08-13T19:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/?page_id=538"},"modified":"2012-08-13T19:39:25","modified_gmt":"2012-08-13T19:39:25","slug":"the-practice-of-holy-war-jihad","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/the-practice-of-holy-war-jihad\/","title":{"rendered":"The Practice of Holy War (Jihad)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From a Muslim point of view\u2014<\/p>\n<p>1. Holy War is only one aspect of Muslim teaching regarding\u00a0<em>Jihad<\/em>, which literally means\u00a0<em>struggle<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0<em>effort<\/em>in God\u2019s way.<\/p>\n<p>2. There are two broad categories of\u00a0<em>jihad<\/em>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>a.\u00a0<em>Greater<\/em>\u00a0jihad which includes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>i. struggle against one\u2019s evil desires.<\/p>\n<p>ii. inviting people to Islam. (<em>dawah<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>iii. working for betterment of society.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>b.\u00a0<em>Lesser<\/em>\u00a0jihad, i.e., armed struggle in God\u2019s way.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>i. Some believe that it is only justified to defend your land from foreign aggression. It is an obligation (<em>fard<\/em>) which is fulfilled if a sufficient number in that country participate (e.g. armed forces).<\/p>\n<p>ii. Others see it as their responsibility to work to bring the whole world under divine rule in a single Islamic state.<\/p>\n<p>iii. Jihad originates in the teaching of the Qur\u2019an and Traditions regarding the Prophet. When his followers faced non-Muslim enemies, they were to offer one of three courses of action:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2022 become Muslims<br \/>\n\u2022 pay a special tax, or<br \/>\n\u2022 prepare to die<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>3. When Muslims are criticized about\u00a0<em>Jihad<\/em>, they frequently point to the Crusades. The word\u00a0<em>crusade<\/em>derives from the Latin\u00a0<em>crux<\/em>, or\u00a0<em>cross<\/em>, a reference to the injunction of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=matt+10%3A38&amp;x=17&amp;y=3&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Matt. 10:38<\/a>. For this reason and others, the cross is seen as a symbol of confrontation, conquest and colonialism.<\/p>\n<p>From a Biblical point of view\u2014<\/p>\n<p>1. Muslims also refer to the Holy War carried out by the Israelites in their conquest of Canaan.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>a.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=deut+20%3A10-15&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Deut 20:10-15<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; An offer of peace was to precede battle with neighbor nations, provided the nation agreed to become slaves to Israel (10-11). Otherwise, all men were to be killed (13).<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=deut+20%3A16-18&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Deut 20:16-18<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; Nations of Canaan were to be completely destroyed.<br \/>\nWhy?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=gen+15%3A16&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Gen. 15:16<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; the sin of the inhabitants<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=deut+20%3A18&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Deut. 20:18<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; their bad influence on the Israelites<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>2. We need to make a distinction between our response as the church of Christ and as citizens of nations.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2022How do the roles of the church and government differ?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022Is there any paradox between how we might act toward an enemy as disciples and how we might act as citizens?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>3. The \u201csmaller Jihad\u201d of Islam is inconsistent with Christ\u2019s teaching about His Kingdom (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=john+18%3A36&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Jn. 18:36<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>4. Even quarrelling is outlawed for those under Christ\u2019s reign (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=matt+12%3A19&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Matt. 12:19<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=2+tim+2%3A14%2C24&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">2 Tim. 2:14, 24<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>5. The Christian is however called to greater Jihad, or struggle in God\u2019s way. These areas of struggle (<em>agonizomai<\/em>) include:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>a. Control of bodily appetites (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=1+cor+9%3A25-27&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">1 Cor. 9:25-27<\/a>).<br \/>\nb. Suffering for Christ (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=phil+1%3A29-30&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Phil 1:29-30<\/a>).<br \/>\nc. Working for spiritual maturity in the Church (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=col+1%3A28-2%3A2&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Col. 1:28-2:2<\/a>).<br \/>\nd. Praying for others (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=col+4%3A12&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Col. 4:12<\/a>).<br \/>\ne. Personal godliness (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=1+tim+6%3A11%2C12&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">1 Tim. 6:11,12<\/a>).<br \/>\nf. Persevering to the end (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=2+tim+4%3A6%2C7&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">2 Tim. 4:6,7<\/a>).<br \/>\ng. Pursuit of holiness (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/cgi-bin\/bible?passage=Heb+12%3A4&amp;NIV_version=yes&amp;language=english\" target=\"_blank\">Heb. 12:4<\/a>\u00a0\u201cstruggle\u201d).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From a Muslim point of view\u2014 1. Holy War is only one aspect of Muslim teaching regarding\u00a0Jihad, which literally means\u00a0struggle\u00a0or\u00a0effortin God\u2019s way. 2. There are two broad categories of\u00a0jihad: a.\u00a0Greater\u00a0jihad which includes: i. struggle against one\u2019s evil desires. ii. inviting people to Islam. (dawah). iii. working for betterment of society. b.\u00a0Lesser\u00a0jihad, i.e., armed struggle in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-538","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":539,"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/538\/revisions\/539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/georgeandkaren.info\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}